 .LT - Lithuania - Litauen
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Background: |
Independent between the two
World Wars, Lithuania was annexed by the USSR in 1940. On 11 March 1990,
Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its
independence, but Moscow did not recognize this proclamation until
September of 1991 (following the abortive coup in Moscow). The last
Russian troops withdrew in 1993. Lithuania subsequently restructured its
economy for integration into Western European institutions; it joined both
NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004. |
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Location: |
Eastern Europe, bordering the
Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia |
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Geographic coordinates: |
56 00 N, 24 00 E |
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Map references: |
Europe |
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Area: |
total: 65,200 sq km
land: NA sq km
water: NA sq km |
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Area - comparative: |
slightly larger than West
Virginia |
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Land boundaries: |
total: 1,273 km
border countries: Belarus 502 km, Latvia 453 km, Poland 91 km,
Russia (Kaliningrad) 227 km |
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Coastline: |
99 km |
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Maritime claims: |
territorial sea: 12 nm
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Climate: |
transitional, between maritime
and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers |
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Terrain: |
lowland, many scattered small
lakes, fertile soil |
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Elevation extremes: |
lowest point: Baltic Sea
0 m
highest point: Juozapines/Kalnas 292 m |
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Natural resources: |
peat, arable land, amber |
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Land use: |
arable land: 44.81%
permanent crops: 0.9%
other: 54.29% (2005) |
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Irrigated land: |
90 sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards: |
NA |
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Environment - current issues: |
contamination of soil and
groundwater with petroleum products and chemicals at military bases |
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Environment - international agreements: |
party to: Air Pollution,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered
Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air
Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants |
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Geography - note: |
fertile central plains are
separated by hilly uplands that are ancient glacial deposits
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Population: |
3,585,906 (July 2006 est.)
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Age structure: |
0-14 years: 15.5% (male
284,888/female 270,458)
15-64 years: 69.1% (male
1,210,557/female 1,265,542)
65 years and over: 15.5% (male
190,496/female 363,965) (2006 est.) |
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Median age: |
total: 38.2 years
male: 35.7 years
female: 40.8 years (2006 est.)
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Population growth rate: |
-0.3% (2006 est.) |
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Birth rate: |
8.75 births/1,000 population
(2006 est.) |
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Death rate: |
10.98 deaths/1,000 population
(2006 est.) |
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Net migration rate: |
-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2006 est.) |
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Sex ratio: |
at birth: 1.06
male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64
years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.52
male(s)/female
total population: 0.89 male(s)/female (2006
est.) |
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Infant mortality rate: |
total: 6.78 deaths/1,000
live births
male: 8.12 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth: |
total population: 74.2
years
male: 69.2 years
female: 79.49 years (2006
est.) |
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Total fertility rate: |
1.2 children born/woman (2006
est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: |
0.1% (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: |
1,300 (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths: |
less than 200 (2003 est.)
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Nationality: |
noun: Lithuanian(s)
adjective: Lithuanian |
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Ethnic groups: |
Lithuanian 83.4%, Polish 6.7%,
Russian 6.3%, other or unspecified 3.6% (2001 census) |
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Religions: |
Roman Catholic 79%, Russian
Orthodox 4.1%, Protestant (including Lutheran and Evangelical Christian
Baptist) 1.9%, other or unspecified 5.5%, none 9.5% (2001 census) |
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Languages: |
Lithuanian (official) 82%,
Russian 8%, Polish 5.6%, other and unspecified 4.4% (2001 census) |
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Literacy: |
definition: age 15 and
over can read and write
total population: 99.6%
male: 99.7%
female: 99.6% (2003 est.)
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Country name: |
conventional long form:
Republic of Lithuania
conventional short form: Lithuania
local long form: Lietuvos Respublika
local short
form: Lietuva
former: Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
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Government type: |
parliamentary democracy |
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Capital: |
Vilnius |
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Administrative divisions: |
10 counties (apskritys,
singular - apskritis); Alytaus, Kauno, Klaipedos, Marijampoles, Panevezio,
Siauliu, Taurages, Telsiu, Utenos, Vilniaus |
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Independence: |
11 March 1990 (independence
declared from Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (Soviet Union recognizes
Lithuania's independence) |
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National holiday: |
Independence Day, 16 February
(1918); note - 16 February 1918 is the date Lithuania declared its
independence from Soviet Russia and established its statehood; 11 March
1990 is the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union |
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Constitution: |
adopted 25 October 1992 |
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Legal system: |
based on civil law system;
legislative acts can be appealed to the constitutional court |
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Suffrage: |
18 years of age; universal
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Executive branch: |
chief of state:
President Valdas ADAMKUS (since 12 July 2004)
head of
government: Premier Algirdas Mykolas BRAZAUSKAS (since 3 July 2001)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the
nomination of the premier
elections: president elected by
popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 13 and 27 June 2004
(next to be held June 2009); premier appointed by the president on the
approval of the Parliament
election results: Valdas ADAMKUS
elected president; percent of vote - Valdas ADAMKUS 52.2%, Kazimiera
PRUNSKIENE 47.8% |
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Legislative branch: |
unicameral Parliament or Seimas
(141 seats, 71 members are directly elected by popular vote, 70 are
elected by proportional representation; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 10 and 24 October 2004 (next to be held
October 2008)
election results: percent of vote by party -
Labor 28.6%, Working for Lithuania (Social Democrats and Social Liberals)
20.7%, TS 14.6%, For Order and Justice (Liberal Democrats and Lithuanian
People's Union) 11.4%, Liberal and Center Union 9.1%, Union of Farmers and
New Democracy 6.6%, other 9%; seats by faction - Labor 39, Homeland Union
26, Social Democrats 22, Social Liberals 10, Liberal Political group 10,
Union of Farmers and New Democracy Parties 11, Liberal Democrats 9,
Liberal Center Political group 8, independents 6 |
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Judicial branch: |
Constitutional Court; Supreme
Court; Court of Appeal; judges for all courts appointed by the President
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Political parties and leaders: |
Electoral Action of Lithuanian
Poles [Valdemar TOMASZEVSKI, chairman]; Homeland Union/Conservative Party
or TS [Andrius KUBILIUS, chairman]; Labor Party [Viktor USPASKICH,
chairman]; Liberal Center Political group [Arturas ZUOKAS, chairman];
Liberal Democratic Party [Valentinas MAZURONIS, chairman]; Liberal
Political group [leader NA]; Lithuanian Christian Democrats or LKD
[Valentinas STUNDYS, chairman]; Lithuanian People's Union for a Fair
Lithuania [leader NA]; Lithuanian Social Democratic Coalition [Algirdas
BRAZAUSKAS, chairman] consists of the Lithuanian Democratic Labor Party or
LDDP and the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party or LSDP; New Democracy and
Farmer's Union or VNDPS [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE, chairman]; Social Liberals
(New Union) [Arturas PAULAUSKAS, chairman]; Social Union of Christian
Conservatives [Gediminas VAGNORIUS, chairman]; Young Lithuania and New
Nationalists [leader NA] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders: |
NA |
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International organization participation: |
ACCT (observer), Australia
Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU (new member), FAO, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol,
IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OIF
(observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU
(associate partner), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US: |
chief of mission:
Ambassador Vygaudas USACKAS
chancery: 4590 MacArthur Boulevard
NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202)
234-5860
FAX: [1] (202) 328-0466
consulate(s)
general: Chicago, New York |
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Diplomatic representation from the US: |
chief of mission:
Ambassador Stephen D. MULL
embassy: 2600 Akmenu 6, Vilnius
mailing address: American Embassy, Almeny gatve 6, Vilnius
LT-03106
telephone: [370] (5) 266 5500
FAX: [370]
(5) 266 5510 |
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Flag description: |
three equal horizontal bands of
yellow (top), green, and red |
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Economy - overview: |
Lithuania, the Baltic state
that has conducted the most trade with Russia, has slowly rebounded from
the 1998 Russian financial crisis. Unemployment dropped from 11% in 2003
to 5.3% in 2005. Growing domestic consumption and increased investment
have furthered recovery. Trade has been increasingly oriented toward the
West. Lithuania has gained membership in the World Trade Organization and
joined the EU in May 2004. Privatization of the large, state-owned
utilities, particularly in the energy sector, is nearing completion.
Overall, more than 80% of enterprises have been privatized. Foreign
government and business support have helped in the transition from the old
command economy to a market economy. |
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GDP (purchasing power parity): |
$50.12 billion (2005 est.)
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GDP (official exchange rate): |
$23.48 billion (2005 est.)
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GDP - real growth rate: |
6.7% (2005 est.) |
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GDP - per capita (PPP): |
$13,900 (2005 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector: |
agriculture: 5.7%
industry: 32.4%
services: 62% (2005 est.) |
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Labor force: |
1.61 million (2005 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation: |
agriculture 20%, industry 30%,
services 50% (1997 est.) |
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Unemployment rate: |
5.3% (2005 est.) |
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Population below poverty line: |
NA% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage
share: |
lowest 10%: 3.1%
highest 10%: 25.6% (1996) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index: |
31.9 (2000) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): |
2.6% (2005 est.) |
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Investment (gross fixed): |
22.1% of GDP (2005 est.) |
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Budget: |
revenues: $8.429 billion
expenditures: $9.103 billion; including capital expenditures of
$NA (2005 est.) |
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Public debt: |
21.4% of GDP (2005 est.) |
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Agriculture - products: |
grain, potatoes, sugar beets,
flax, vegetables; beef, milk, eggs; fish |
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Industries: |
metal-cutting machine tools,
electric motors, television sets, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum
refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture making, textiles, food
processing, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment,
electronic components, computers, amber jewelry |
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Industrial production growth rate: |
6% (2005 est.) |
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Electricity - production: |
18.64 billion kWh (2003) |
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Electricity - production by source: |
fossil fuel: 16.5%
hydro: 5.7%
nuclear: 77.7%
other: 0%
(2001) |
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Electricity - consumption: |
9.109 billion kWh (2003) |
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Electricity - exports: |
12.37 billion kWh (2003) |
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Electricity - imports: |
4.144 billion kWh (2003) |
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Oil - production: |
12,360 bbl/day (2003 est.)
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Oil - consumption: |
89,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
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Oil - exports: |
NA bbl/day |
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Oil - imports: |
NA bbl/day |
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Natural gas - production: |
0 cu m (2003 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption: |
3.03 billion cu m (2003 est.)
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Natural gas - exports: |
0 cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - imports: |
2.76 billion cu m (2001 est.)
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Current account balance: |
$-1.87 billion (2005 est.)
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Exports: |
$10.95 billion f.o.b. (2005
est.) |
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Exports - commodities: |
mineral products 23%, textiles
and clothing 16%, machinery and equipment 11%, chemicals 6%, wood and wood
products 5%, foodstuffs 5% (2001) |
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Exports - partners: |
Germany 10.2%, Latvia 10.2%,
Russia 9.3%, France 6.3%, UK 5.3%, Sweden 5.1%, Estonia 5%, Poland 4.8%,
Netherlands 4.8%, Denmark 4.8%, US 4.7%, Switzerland 4.6% (2004) |
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Imports: |
$13.33 billion f.o.b. (2005
est.) |
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Imports - commodities: |
mineral products, machinery and
equipment, transport equipment, chemicals, textiles and clothing, metals
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Imports - partners: |
Russia 23.1%, Germany 16.7%,
Poland 7.7%, Netherlands 4% (2004) |
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Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: |
$3.785 billion (2005 est.)
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Debt - external: |
$10.47 billion (31 December
2004 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient: |
$228.5 million (1995) |
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Currency (code): |
litas (LTL) |
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Currency code: |
LTL |
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Exchange rates: |
litai per US dollar - 2.774
(2005), 2.7806 (2004), 3.0609 (2003), 3.677 (2002), 4 (2001) |
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Fiscal year: |
calendar year |
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Telephones - main lines in use: |
820,000 (2004) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular: |
3,421,500 (2004) |
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Telephone system: |
general assessment:
inadequate, but is being modernized to provide an improved international
capability and better residential access
domestic: a national,
fiber-optic cable, interurban, trunk system is nearing completion; rural
exchanges are being improved and expanded; mobile cellular systems are
being installed; access to the Internet is available; still many
unsatisfied telephone subscriber applications
international:
country code - 370; landline connections to Latvia and Poland; major
international connections to Denmark, Sweden, and Norway by submarine
cable for further transmission by satellite |
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Radio broadcast stations: |
AM 29, FM 142, shortwave 1
(2001) |
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Radios: |
1.9 million (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations: |
27
note: Lithuania
has approximately 27 broadcasting stations, but may have as many as 100
transmitters, including repeater stations (2001) |
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Televisions: |
1.7 million (1997) |
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Internet country code: |
.lt |
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Internet hosts: |
136,346 (2005) |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs): |
32 (2001) |
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Internet users: |
968,000 (2005) |
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Airports: |
95 (2005) |
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Airports - with paved runways: |
total: 33
over
3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m:
7
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 19 (2005) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways: |
total: 62
1,524
to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 56
(2005) |
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Pipelines: |
gas 1,696 km; oil 331 km;
refined products 109 km (2004) |
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Railways: |
total: 1,998 km
broad gauge: 1,807 km 1.524-m gauge (122 km electrified)
standard gauge: 22 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge:
169 km 0.750-m gauge (2004) |
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Roadways: |
total: 78,893 km
paved: 21,617 km (including 417 km of expressways)
unpaved: 57,276 km (2003) |
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Waterways: |
600 km (2005) |
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Merchant marine: |
total: 48 ships (1000
GRT or over) 338,565 GRT/339,238 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 8,
cargo 18, chemical tanker 1, container 1, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum
tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 12, roll on/roll off 1
foreign-owned: 11 (Denmark 11)
registered in other
countries: 18 (Antigua and Barbuda 1, North Korea 1, Norway 1, Panama
6, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5, unknown 4) (2005) |
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Ports and terminals: |
Klaipeda |
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Military branches: |
Ground Forces, Navy, Lithuanian
Military Air Forces, National Defense Volunteer Forces (SKAT) (2005)
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Military service age and obligation: |
19-45 years of age for
compulsory military service, conscript service obligation - 12 months; 18
years of age for volunteers (2004) |
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Manpower available for military service: |
males age 19-49: 830,368
(2005 est.) |
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Manpower fit for military service: |
males age 19-49: 590,606
(2005 est.) |
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Manpower reaching military service age annually: |
males: 29,689 (2005
est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure: |
$230.8 million (FY01) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP: |
1.9% (FY01) |
| Transnational Issues |
Lithuania |
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Disputes - international: |
Lithuania and Russia committed
to demarcating their boundary in 2006 in accordance with the land and
maritime treaty ratified by Russia in May 2003 and by Lithuania in 1999;
Lithuania operates a simplified transit regime for Russian nationals
traveling from the Kaliningrad coastal exclave into Russia, while still
conforming, as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border,
to strict Schengen border rules; the Latvian parliament has not ratified
its 1998 maritime boundary treaty with Lithuania, primarily due to
concerns over potential hydrocarbons |
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Illicit drugs: |
transshipment point for opiates
and other illicit drugs from Southwest Asia, Latin America, and Western
Europe to Western Europe and Scandinavia; limited production of
methamphetamine and ecstasy; susceptible to money laundering despite
changes to banking legislation |
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